Hand tools design.ppt

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Start on. Show related SlideShares at end. WordPress Shortcode. Share Email. Top clipped slide. Download Now Download Download to read offline. Hand tools Mar. Basic hand tools Electronics Technology. Summary of the Workshop: e-tools and their implementation in the field of Occ Hand and power tool safety. How do hand injuries happen, how to prevent them a shell presentation.

Hand Safety. Related Books Free with a 30 day trial from Scribd. Many work space components such as work surfaces, seats, flooring, tools, equipment, environmental conditions, etc. If the workplace design does not meet your physical needs, it can create risk factors for discomfort, aches and pains, fatigue, and eventually, WMSDs.

On the other hand, in a well-designed workplace, where you have the opportunity to choose from a variety of well-balanced working positions and to change between them frequently, work can be carried out safely and injury-free. Avoid bending over your work; instead keep your back straight and, if possible, elevate the work area or task to a comfortable level. Keep your elbows close to the body, and reduce the need to stretch your arms overhead or out in front of you.

Tool extensions can help where it is difficult to reach the object of work. Using a stepladder or step-stool can improve the working body position where the task requires elevating your arms above the shoulder. At the same time, frequent stretching breaks will relieve any built-up muscle tension.

If standing, distribute your weight evenly between the feet. Even better, use a foot stool or rail to rest your legs, and shift from one to the other periodically. How should one design the workstation for precision work? Provide the worker with a height-adjustable workstation Figure 1a. For a fixed-height workbench: provide work platforms to accommodate shorter workers; raise the work surface for taller workers.

Provide sufficient leg clearance to allow the worker to get close to the work object, thereby reducing the need to bend the torso. Provide a foot rest as foot support that will improve body balance and minimize the static load on the workers back.

Anti-fatigue matting reduces lower back and leg discomfort and minimizes fatigue. Consider using chairs or stools to allow work in a sitting or standing position. Where feasible provide the worker with a tilted workstation. This reduces static load on the back and upper body Figure 1b. Use jigs or vices to hold the work object steady and secure at the proper height and position for optimum comfort Figure 1c.

Use vices to minimize pinching and gripping forces. In assembly work, static load, awkward postures and forceful movements are major risk factors for WMSDs. Prolonged standing and the fatigue resulting from it additionally contribute to WMSDs. Use jigs and vices to hold the work object steady at the right height and position for optimum comfort Figure 2a.

Use tool balancers to reduce the effort of holding and operating the tool Figure 2b. If possible use the lightest tool that can get the job done properly, preferably one weighing less than 1 kg 2 lbs.

People working at a correctly designed workstation and using the best available tools can still get injured. It happens where their work is poorly designed. Work organization involves:. Jobs that involve using only one kind of tool for one or a few tasks that do not vary in the movements and muscles used can cause an overload of those muscles, ligaments, tendons or tissues. The resulting overload on the same part of the body can cause pain and injury.

A greater variety of tasks allow for changing body position to distribute the workload over different parts of the body, and to give overtaxed muscles some relief and recovery time. Rotate tasks among workers; have workers move from one task. Ensure tasks are different in the type of movement and body parts used. Add more tasks to the job. Assign a larger part of work to a team: workers form a team and each member of the team shares several different tasks.

A fast pace of work is a strong risk factor for WMSDs. If the pace is too fast, the muscles involved do not have enough time to recover from the effort and to restore sufficient energy to continue the work. If the pace of work is imposed externally -- assembly. Incentive systems that reward for the quality of work naturally determine the "right" pace of work.

Incentive systems that reward for the amount or quantity of work increase the risk for WMSDs and, in the long run, will compromise quality as well. The work break is a time period between tasks. Even short periods of time, literally seconds, that allow one to relax muscles involved in operating tools are important in preventing injuries.

The rest break is the period after work stops. Besides allowing for refreshment, rest breaks can be used to stretch and relax. An adjustment or acclimatization period is the time needed to get "in shape" when returning to work after a long absence, or when starting a new job. It should allow one to refresh old work habits or get used to a new routine. An adjustment period is a very important element of injury prevention. Inexperienced and "new" workers, as well as "old timers" returning to work after a period of recovery and rehabilitation, are more prone than most workers to both injury and re-injury, so adjustment periods are a vitally important way to reintegrate them into the workflow.

Training workers on the safe use of tools, and on the hazards involved in working with them, has always been extremely important. Today, more than ever, when new materials, new technologies and new equipment are replacing older ones faster then ever before, the importance of such training is magnified.

The introduction of a new tool or equipment, as well as any change in way the job has been done previously should be preceded by refresher training that includes new information relevant to the changes being introduced. Even the best-designed tool, or the most ergonomically correct workstation, or the most up-to-date work organization will fail to prevent injuries if the worker is not properly trained. Open navigation menu. Close suggestions Search Search. User Settings. Skip carousel.

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Is this content inappropriate? Report this Document. Flag for inappropriate content. Download now. Related titles. Carousel Previous Carousel Next. Telescoping Gauge — transfer distance from parts to measurement tool Dial Caliper — measure inside, outside, and depth of parts 6. Open End B. Box End C. Combination D. Adjustable F. Hex G. Impact H. Standard B. Phillips C. Torx D. Standard — Drive slotted head fastener Phillips — Drive Phillips head fastener Slip Joint B. Adjustable C.

Locking D. Needle Nose E. Hacksaw B. Drill C. Cold Chisel D. File E. Tap F. Die G. Snip H. Ball Peen Hammer B. Rubber Mallet C. Soft-Faced Hammer D. Center Punch E. Look for wear that could cause an injury, such as a pitted hammer face, damaged insulation on a pliers, or splintered handle.

The impact of the hardened surfaces may cause the heads to shatter. Transport sharp tools in a holder or with the blade pointed down.