Once the MP3 file was downloaded, users could listen to it on a music player of their choice. While the majority of downloads on Napster were MP3 files, users were also able to exchange other files such as text documents. These days, much like Spotify, Napster is a pure audio streaming platform in which users can download and listen to music.
How that came to be will be the purpose of the next chapter. Napster, currently headquartered in Seattle, Washington, was initially launched in by Shawn Fanning and Sean Parker. Fanning and Parker met each other in a chat room when they were 14 and 15 years of age, respectively.
Over the years, they remained in close contact while exchanging ideas about businesses they could work on. At university, he regularly overheard his roommate complaining about how tough it was to download music online.
These conversations eventually led him to draw up the initial architecture of what would turn into Napster. Fanning got the name for Napster due to his hair. Instead of shutting it down, Fanning eventually came to embrace his name — and even ended up using the username Napster in the Internet Relay Chats he was communicating in. During that same time period, Napster was finally launched into beta. While the founding team was debating whether they should re-incorporate and hire a new CEO, Napster began taking off like a wildfire.
Thousands of people, largely as a result of word-of-mouth, began using the software to exchange files all while Napster remained in its beta phase. Napster, in large parts, was enabled by the Digital Millenium Copyright Act of that allowed search engines to link to MP3 files and make them indexable. However, they were required to immediately remove links to copyrighted music following proper notification. At some point, there were just too many files to keep track of, thus making it impossible to properly remove them.
By February of the next year, universities began shutting down access to the platform. Rap artist Dr. Dre followed it up with a lawsuit of his own just a few days later.
Furthermore, Metallica demanded Napster to delete more than , users on its platform as a result of that violation. The band had even provided Napster with a list of names and IP addresses.
On the 10 th of May, , Napster eventually deleted , user accounts. Interestingly enough, not all artists were campaigning against the platform. Chuck D, frontman of hip hop group Public Enemy or the rock band Limp Bizkit publicly came out in support of the company, stating that Napster helped them to increase awareness of their music.
In order to fight off these lawsuits and to keep the business running, Napster went out to raise its first public round of funding. Hank Barry, a former lawyer, and partner at Hummer, was appointed interim CEO of Napster to bring more legal expertise and legitimacy to the company. A few weeks later, in June , Napster hired David Boies, the attorney who has represented the United States government in its antitrust case against Microsoft in the early s, to defend the company in its lawsuits.
Interestingly enough, the ongoing lawsuits did not seem to affect its growth. In order to appease judges, Napster began to tout a significant change to its platform. It stated that it planned to charge users a monthly subscription fee in order to access the files.
Music labels would then get a share of that income, depending on how often their files had been downloaded. In February , the U. Federal appeals court confirmed its ruling from July that deemed its filesharing software to be engaging in the exchange of copyrighted materials and therefore violating copyright laws.
Unfortunately, the labels did not accept that offer, forcing Napster to remove all copyrighted material. They went ahead and hired 50 temps to form an editorial team that, with the help of software, would scour the platform off of any illegal files. As a result, the average number of files shared per person dropped from in February to just 21 in May of the same year.
A month after the ruling, Napster had already lost a quarter of its 60 million users. As a result, on July 1 st , , it shut down access to the software. District Judge Marilyn Hall Patel, later that month, ordered the service to remain offline until it could figure out a way to keep the illegal files off. Around the same time, Napster had also settled its lawsuit with Metallica. On the 20 th of July, a U.
His replacement became Konrad Hilbers, a former executive at Bertelsmann. In the coming months, Napster continued to battle lawsuits while trying to legitimize its business. In October , it had to lay off 15 percent of its workforce equal to 16 employees in an effort to keep the business afloat. BES , Bancos. ABF , Bancos. Small-charge or free software applications may come bundled with spyware, adware, or programs like Napster.
Sometimes adware is attached to free software to enable the developers to cover the overhead involved in created the software. Spyware frequently piggybacks on free software into your computer to damage it and steal valuable private information.
The use of peer-to-peer P2P programs or other applications using a shared network exposes your system to the risk of unwittingly downloading infected files, including malicious programs like Napster. When you visit sites with dubious or objectionable content, trojans-including Napster. Hack, spyware and adware, may well be automatically downloaded and installed onto your computer. The following symptoms signal that your computer is very likely to be infected with Napster. Hack can seriously slow down your computer.
If your PC takes a lot longer than normal to restart or your Internet connection is extremely slow, your computer may well be infected with Napster. They concede that determined programmers will almost certainly be able to find ways to copy music despite protections. In a handful of instances, hackers have actually managed to completely break, or strip out, the digital rights protection tools applied to media files. Because this kind of technique preserves the original quality of the digital file, it is potentially the most dangerous to content companies.
The tools that allow DVDs to be copied have been the most widely used version of this technique, with commercial products even showing up temporarily on mainstream store shelves.
An early version of Microsoft's Windows Media was broken in , but the company was able to fix the problem with updates to its media player.
More recently, Apple has repeatedly changed its iTunes software to block hackers who have figured out ways to remove the copy-protection software from songs purchased at its online store. The "stream ripping" problem is a different one, essentially a high-tech version of recording a song off the radio. Instead of removing the copy-protection software, a computer program plays the song as it is supposed to, and then records the song as the unprotected audio is sent to the sound card and speakers.
This technique is typically more cumbersome than a DRM-remover, requiring each song to be played fully, and can result in substantially diminished sound quality. In the case of the Winamp plug-in that is being applied to Napster's downloadable songs, the tool creates WAV files that are more than 10 times larger than their original Windows Media formats. Nonetheless, technology companies have taken some steps to block these tools in the past. RealNetworks successfully sued a company called Streambox that created software for recording online streaming media in the company's video format.
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