Every complete solar power system includes solar modules, support structure, sealed gel cell battery bank, charge controls with LVD and a weatherproof enclosure. All you have to do is determine how much power you need and follow our easy Design Guide. These self-contained solar systems were designed for and have been rigorously tested in extremely harsh environments to ensure reliable, trouble-free operation.
From broiling deserts to freezing mountains, these systems have proven they can take the heat Thousands of these independent stand-alone solar systems have been deployed over the past 15 years in locations around the world. Each component is also completely factory tested prior to shipping, so you can be assured that when your system arrives, it's ready for work.
More engineers choose these systems because they combine all the features they need in one, safe, sealed, simple-to-install unit. That is why you'll find these systems operating in every corner of the world, in every type of climate.
Plug your project into this solar system with NEMA rated enclosure and you'll never have to worry about where your power is coming from again. Small pole mounted systems with low load requirements. It means that one of the world's top safety testing labs, CSA, has independently certified these systems as safe for use in the highest level of hazardous locations such as a potentially explosive environment where there is the possible presence of flammable gases, vapors or liquids.
This system line is the first solar power system in the world to meet CSA's most rigorous Class 1 Div 2 hazardous location safety standard. Using these systems insures - no matter what your location or application - that you can safely and reliably generate electricity to power your equipment anywhere the sun shines, even under the most hazardous conditions. II hazardous locations UL Pending. Calculate the power consumption of your equipment, find the solar zone for your site, then easily locate the system you need on our performance charts.
We also have excellent design software for a detailed performance analysis of your application. Contact us if you need assistance. Not usually. We provide detailed installation manuals with easy to follow instructions and wiring schematics. Many of the components are pre-assembled and pre-wired allowing for rapid field deployment. Azimuth angle and altitude angle is required to find out the sun path at that location [8].
Reasonable load consumption Here Principle of Energy Conservation should be applied strictly when calculating the total average energy demand in watt-hour per day. The electrical load of a specific building will dictate how a PV system has to be installed and as such, the load is usually estimated by listing all the loads and their corresponding daily hours when in use. Optimizing building design In order to have the optimal energy and minimize the amount of energy that may be required to meet the desired building heating, the building should be provided with adequate insulation, also the southern part of the building should be free from all types of solar irradiance obstacle since the array will be oriented towards the south for effective output of the irradiance.
Also, cooking and hot water devices are normally not part of a PV power system design. Choice of low-voltage dc powered components Low-Voltage dc powered components should be used wherever possible as this will significantly reduce the capacity of inverter and therefore a corresponding reduction of its cost.
Inductive loads consideration This normally has a large starting inductive current in the building such as AC and refrigerators which must be taken into consideration during the design phase. It is the combination of solar modules. The PV modules are connected in series to obtain the required voltage and it is called a PV string. The string are then connected in parallel for the system to produce the desired current. A good charge controller must be able to withstand the array current as well as the total load current and must be designed to match the voltage of the PV array as well as that of the battery bank.
The charge controller sizing is done in a way to ensure that it is able to withstand the product of the total short circuit current of the array and a certain safe factor. The safe factor is necessary in order to allow for a reasonable system expansion. Require numbers of charge controller is obtained as in the equation below 7a Total cost of the charge controller is obtained as in the equation below Where Determining Capacity of Inverter Solar PV system delivers DC voltage and power.
So an inverter, which converts DC power to AC power, is needed as most of the applications used in the building require AC power. There are still some applications of DC power in some areas. But in this paper, to keep it simple, we have not considered them. An inverter is rated by its output power and DC input voltage.
Power rating of the inverter should not be less than the total power consumed in different loads. On the other hand, it should have the same nominal voltage of battery bank that is charged by solar PV module. In a household, consumption of power in appliances can be classified into two categories: resistive power , such as in light, heater, iron, etc. Typically, capacity of the inverter is taken to be the sum of all the loads running simultaneously and 3.
Further, the obtained value is to be multiplied by 1. This power calculation has to be corrected for power factor of inverter. Value of PF is generally taken as 0. So, Determining the Capacity of Battery The battery type generally considered for use in solar PV power system application is deep cycle battery, specifically designed such that even when it is discharged to low energy level it can still be rapidly recharged over and over again for years.
The battery should be large enough to store sufficient energy to operate all loads in all the season of the year and in night, cloudy, rainy and dusty days of the month. Battery storage is conventionally measured in Ah ampere hour unit.
Now the C-rating is also an important part of choosing a battery. It tells us what will be the optimum charging and discharging rate of a battery. Typically C rated batteries are available in the market. To meet requirements of the application load a number of batteries has to be connected in series for system voltage specification and in parallel for current specification. There are two types of DC cable: PV array to battery bank and charge controller cable also inverter to distribution board system of the Lab cable PV array to battery bank and charge controller The cable is selected based on the current between the array and the battery bank which is given in equation 7 above.
Inverter to Distribution board system of the Lab cable The cable here is based on the maximum continuous input current which is obtained from the equation below. Where IV. The country is located between the equator and the tropic of cancer.
The latitude of Nigeria falls within the tropical zone but the climatic condition are not entirely tropical in nature. The climatic condition varies in most part of the country. In the north the climatic conditions is arid and to the south there is an equatorial type of climate. The weather condition can be characterized into wet season and dry season. The average radiation of this location is about 9.
Ozone monitor laboratory in this location is chosen for the analysis of a stand-alone PV system. Table I. This can be determined based on the hours of usage per day. An estimation of the requirement done for the LAB is shown in Table ii.
Table II. According to this load estimation and the summery of the inverter sizing is given in Table iii. In this system, specifications of a typical inverter, for example, BBT Inverter Pinverter is used. The inverter with such power rating is then sourced from the manufacturer at a reasonable cost. The table below presents the summary of the inverter sizing procedure and its cost estimate. Table III. For inverter total input energy needed is System Voltage is 24V.
So Battery voltage should be near about 24V. Days of autonomy are also vital information to determine the size of the battery bank. The summary of the battery sizing is given in the following table. Table IV. The peak power is then divided by the selected system dc voltage to obtain the total dc current. Finally, the number of series and parallel modules can then be determined to give the array size.
Also to know the cost of an individual module Mcost. Table v presents the summary of the PV array sizing. Table V. From the results of the required current, the total number of charge controllers can then be computed and once the cost of a single charge controller is known, the total cost of the controllers can then be determined. Table 5 presents the summary of the Charge Controller sizing procedure and its cost estimate Table VI.
If a DC cable draws more current than its current carrying capacity then it will damage the cable. In this design flexible copper cable is chosen based on the current needed Table VII. DC Cable Specification and Sizing. The components which are used in this system and the total cost are given in the following tabular form as shown in Table vii.
Thus, the total cost of the stand-alone PV power system is N 2,, Table VIII. This system is generally envisaged for use in an area where constant power supply is needed and in rural remote areas where the national grid system is not rechargeable or available.
The geographical location of Anyigba which is characterized into wet and dry season with an average solar irradiance of 7. In this paper, the cost estimate of the complete stand-alone PV system which includes design, control devices and labour has also been provided.
The result shows that at the optimal configuration for electrifying the lab. About 7. With the help of these systems, we can fulfill our daily demand of energy at any scale. Due to the high capital intensive nature of this alternative and renewable source of energy. It is recommended that respective Government should get involve in providing financial support for the procurement and installation of the PV system which will make it a popular choice and appropriate energy source.
We appreciate the Centre for providing high standards resolute atmospheric observatory and the authors of the reviews. We also thank the Federal Government of Nigeria for funding and providing research support of Nigerian Space agency. Project Report, Amity University, India Journal of Applied Sciences in Environmental Sanitation. A and Aliyu U. Retrieved October 3 from: www. Hizam, H. Retrieved July 15 from: web. Markvart, A. Fragaki, J. Saleh Umar Abubakar was born in
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